Tossup
If the transfer integral of these particles is small, the repulsion between them can lead to the Mott transition. If these particles are “nearly free” but weakly interact with a periodic potential, Bloch’s theorem can be used to compute their band structure. Superconductivity is caused by bound pairs of these particles theorized by Leon Cooper. Places in a lattice where these particles don’t exist are called holes. If a photon’s energy exceeds a material’s work function, it can eject one of these particles in an effect whose description won Albert Einstein the Nobel Prize. For 10 points, name these negatively-charged particles whose orbitals surround the nuclei of atoms. ■END■
ANSWER: electrons [prompt on fermions]
<Cambridge B, Physics>
= Average correct buzz position
Buzzes
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | TUH | Conv. % | Neg % | Average Buzz |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UK (North) | UK | 5 | 100% | 0% | 56.60 |
| UK (South) | UK | 7 | 100% | 14% | 71.86 |
| Northern California | US | 4 | 100% | 0% | 53.25 |
| Southern California | US | 7 | 100% | 0% | 47.71 |
| Eastern Canada (1) | US | 4 | 100% | 0% | 72.75 |
| Eastern Canada (2) | US | 9 | 100% | 0% | 59.11 |
| Florida | US | 4 | 100% | 0% | 73.50 |
| Great Lakes | US | 11 | 100% | 9% | 62.00 |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | US | 9 | 100% | 0% | 66.11 |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | US | 12 | 100% | 0% | 59.58 |
| Midwest | US | 9 | 100% | 11% | 64.78 |
| North | US | 4 | 100% | 0% | 62.50 |
| Northeast | US | 12 | 100% | 0% | 68.00 |
| Pacific | US | 8 | 100% | 13% | 65.88 |
| Southeast | US | 12 | 100% | 17% | 67.17 |
| Upstate NY | US | 5 | 100% | 0% | 58.00 |