Round 2: Tossup 15

If the transfer integral of these particles is small, the repulsion between them can lead to the Mott transition. If these particles are “nearly free” but weakly interact with a periodic potential, (10[1])Bloch’s theorem can be used to compute their band structure. Superconductivity is caused by bound pairs of these particles (10[1])theorized by Leon Cooper. Places in a lattice where these particles don’t exist are called holes. (10[2])If a photon’s energy exceeds a material’s work function, it can eject one of these particles in an effect whose description won Albert Einstein the Nobel Prize. For 10 points, name these negatively-charged particles whose orbitals surround the nuclei of atoms. ■END■

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