Round 9: Tossup 16

A hypothesis for how herbivores and pathogens affect levels of this quantity in forests was proposed by Janzen and Connell. A measure of this quantity is given by [read slowly] “one minus the sum of little n times little n minus (-5[1])one, over big N times big N minus one.” Measures for this quantity named for Simpson and Shannon consider both evenness and richness. A “latitudinal gradient” (10[1])describes how this biological quantity increases near the tropics. (-5[1])Regions with high values for this quantity that are threatened by human habitation are known as its “hotspots” (10[1])and include the Amazon Rainforest. For 10 points, name this quantity that measures the variability of species in a region. ■END■ (10[2])

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