Packet A: Bonus 20
Einstein’s model of this quantity was derived by treating each atom in a solid as three quantum harmonic oscillators. For 10 points each:
[10e] What quantity, denoted c, equals the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a material by one degree Celsius?
ANSWER: specific heat [or specific heat capacity; reject “heat”]
[10h] Einstein’s model first calculates the multiplicity of a solid using binomial coefficients, then uses this ubiquitous approximation in statistical mechanics to simplify the logarithm of a factorial.
ANSWER: Stirling’s approximation
[10m] Debye’s (“duh-BYE’s”) model of heat capacity, which is more accurate at low temperatures, assumes energy is carried by these quasiparticles. These quasiparticles represent vibrations in a solid and can be “acoustic” or “optical.”
ANSWER: phonons [accept acoustic or optical phonons]
<Lancaster A, Physics> | Packet A
| Heard | PPB | E % | M % | H % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 53 | 14.15 | 76% | 49% | 17% |
Conversion
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | Match | Heard | PPB | E % | M % | H % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Southern California | Main | ✓ | 3 | 30.00 | 100% | 100% | 100% |
| Eastern Canada (1) | Main | ✓ | 3 | 13.33 | 67% | 67% | 0% |
| Great Lakes | Main | ✓ | 6 | 16.67 | 67% | 67% | 33% |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | Main | ✓ | 5 | 14.00 | 100% | 40% | 0% |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | Main | ✓ | 6 | 15.00 | 67% | 67% | 17% |
| Midwest | Main | ✓ | 7 | 14.29 | 71% | 57% | 14% |
| North | Main | ✓ | 4 | 17.50 | 100% | 50% | 25% |
| Northeast | Main | ✓ | 1 | 0.00 | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Pacific | Main | ✓ | 4 | 10.00 | 75% | 25% | 0% |
| South Central | Main | ✓ | 4 | 10.00 | 75% | 25% | 0% |
| Southeast | Main | ✓ | 6 | 13.33 | 67% | 50% | 17% |
| Upstate NY | Main | ✓ | 1 | 0.00 | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| UK (North) | UK | ✓ | 2 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| UK (South) | UK | ✓ | 1 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |