Round 3: Tossup 4

Eunice Newton Foote’s pioneering work on this effect was overshadowed by John Tyndall. This effect drove a positive feedback loop during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction according to the clathrate gun hypothesis, (10[1])which predicts the breakdown of permafrost. This effect is caused (10[1])by infrared-active substances (10[2])that exert (10[1])a positive (10[1])radiative forcing by absorbing outgoing longwave radiation. (10[1])This (10[1])effect decreases planetary albedo and unbalances the planet’s energy budget. This effect causes Venus to be warmer than Mercury. (10[1])For 10 points, global warming is driven by what effect in which gases like methane and carbon dioxide trap energy inside the atmosphere? ■END■

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