Bonus
The rate of one process in these devices equals mass density times particle number times the Einstein B coefficient. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name these devices that use pumping to achieve population inversion in a gain medium. These devices create a coherent, collimated, monochromatic beam of light using stimulated emission.
ANSWER: lasers
[10h] The Gaussian intensity profile of lasers allows them to be used in these devices. These devices use local gradients in the electric field to trap and manipulate individual atoms.
ANSWER: optical tweezers
[10m] Cornell and Wieman used laser cooling to create this state. This state is made of particles with integer spin, almost all of which occupy the ground state.
ANSWER: Bose–Einstein condensates [or BECs]
<Claremont A, Physics>
| Editions | Heard | PPB | Easy % | Medium % | Hard % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 122 | 15.98 | 96% | 53% | 12% |
Conversion
| Team | Opponent | Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Total | Parts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| McMaster A | Brock A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 | E |
| McMaster C | Guelph A | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 | EM |
| Queen's A | McMaster B | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 | EHM |
| Toronto A | Toronto D | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 | EM |
| Toronto B | Toronto G | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 | E |
| Toronto C | Waterloo C | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 | EM |
| Toronto E | Toronto F | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 | EM |
| Toronto H | Waterloo B | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 | E |
| Waterloo A | Toronto I | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 | EHM |
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | Exact Match? | Heard | PPB | Easy % | Medium % | Hard % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UK (North) | UK | Y | 5 | 14.00 | 100% | 40% | 0% |
| UK (South) | UK | Y | 7 | 15.71 | 100% | 57% | 0% |
| Northern California | US | Y | 4 | 20.00 | 100% | 75% | 25% |
| Southern California | US | Y | 7 | 21.43 | 100% | 86% | 29% |
| Eastern Canada (1) | US | Y | 4 | 17.50 | 100% | 50% | 25% |
| Eastern Canada (2) | US | Y | 9 | 18.89 | 100% | 67% | 22% |
| Florida | US | Y | 4 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Great Lakes | US | Y | 11 | 14.55 | 100% | 36% | 9% |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | US | Y | 9 | 16.67 | 89% | 56% | 22% |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | US | Y | 12 | 15.00 | 83% | 58% | 8% |
| Midwest | US | Y | 9 | 14.44 | 100% | 33% | 11% |
| North | US | Y | 4 | 17.50 | 100% | 50% | 25% |
| Northeast | US | Y | 12 | 16.67 | 100% | 67% | 0% |
| Pacific | US | Y | 8 | 13.75 | 100% | 38% | 0% |
| Southeast | US | Y | 12 | 14.17 | 83% | 50% | 8% |
| Upstate NY | US | Y | 5 | 18.00 | 100% | 60% | 20% |